Having gone back and played NBA 2K14 PC yesterday for my Wayback Wednesday feature, I can confidently say yes. NBA 2K17 is far more responsive, the controls are deeper, and the AI better. It's hard to say whether someone else will definitely enjoy one more game than another, but in my view, from gameplay to game modes, NBA 2K17 is easily the superior game.
Agreed, you have to temper expectations somewhat with any new game. Ideally there'll be a lot of progress - and I think there's been some very good improvements in NBA 2K17 - but expecting perfection and a complete lack of any issues is setting yourself up for disappointment, because that's just not realistic. That being said, the jump from NBA 2K14 PC to NBA 2K17 is quite noticeable.
Unless you like to play more casually. 2K14 is way better for just fucking around IMO. Even with the defense sliders all the way down in 2K17, you still can't just weave through the D and posterize people like you could in 2K14. 2K17 is way more sim.