http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Corporate_MachineAerobiz games for SNES
Railroad Tycoon games have some aspects, I always liked in II manipulating the stocks of my competitors.
The Tower/SimTower whatever that series is really called.
Some of the endless number of Tycoon games and even parts of Tropico have market aspects. I haven't played the Port Royale series but I believe that's all about amassing wealth and financial empire in the "Columbus" era.
Believe it or not, Fortune Street for the Wii even has a competitive market aspect with property, stocks, etc.
That's all I can think of off the top of my head, maybe do some poking around in the related categories and stuff for some of these games on wikipedia that'll probably turn up more titles.